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In February 2005, we had our first close fly-by of Enceladus, and the magnetometer signal

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saw something unusual.

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What a magnetometer does is it measures the
magnetic field in the vicinity of the instrument.

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We had a look at the wiggles, and they looked strange.

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The magnetic field of Saturn is moving towards
it, and it couldn't penetrate down onto the

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surface, which was pointing to an atmospheric
signature of some kind.

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Here it looked like it had a tiny atmosphere.

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Then in March, we came even closer looking
for that same strange signal.

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What it showed was that the signature, the
atmospheric signature that we were seeing

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was focused at the south pole.

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It was almost like there was a cometary plume
of water vapor coming off from the south pole.

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People were saying, "It's got to be jets!

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It's got to be jets!"

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Then the imaging team was saying, "No, we don't want to say that you know until we're sure."

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So, we went closer.

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We came within 175 kilometers of Enceladus.

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Then we got the data back, and it was spectacular.

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And then we found the evidence.

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Geysers coming out of the south pole with
water vapor and water ice particles.

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They were active geysers at the south pole
of Enceladus.

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Because we were so close all of the other
instruments were able to take really good

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data and we put together all of this data
and we saw the cracks, the tiger stripes at

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the south pole.

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We saw heat leaking out from these tiger stripes.

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On subsequent fly-bys we found organic material,
dust, water vapor coming out of the plume.

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The Cassini discoveries in the first three
flybys were so amazing.

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We changed our focus and added 20 more flybys of Enceladus, including seven through the icy jets

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The surprising magnetometer reading led us to the liquid water ocean underneath Enceladus's icy crust.

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After over a decade of research with Cassini,
we now know there's a potential for the ocean